基于遥感影像多尺度分割与地质因子评价的滑坡易发性区划     

李文娟  邵海 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2021,32(2):94-99

区域滑坡易发性的研究是滑坡空间预测的核心内容之一。从影像多尺度分割和面向对象的分类理论出发,以研究区遥感影像的熵、能量、相关性、对比度共4个参数作为影像纹理因子提取易发性特征,利用滑坡所处区域的库水影响等级、坡度、斜坡结构、工程岩组4类地质因子分析地质背景,搭建C5.0决策树的易发性分类模型,实现了对研究区内4类滑坡易发性单元的预测。结果表明:高易发性单元的工程岩组通常发育为软岩岩组和软硬相间岩组,且坡度在15°～30°之间;模型显示该区域训练样本和测试样本平均正确率达91.64%,Kappa系数分别为0.84,0.51,因此这种基于影像多尺度分割与地质因子分级的滑坡易发性分类研究具有一定的适用性。  相似文献   

三峡库区典型顺斜向岩质滑坡变形破坏特征及失稳机制分析     

蒋先念  张晨阳 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2021,32(2):36-42

近年来,三峡库区城集镇开发区顺斜向岩质滑坡失稳破坏现象时有发生,研究顺斜向岩质滑坡的变形破坏特征及失稳机制对防治此类滑坡具有重要意义。本文以巫山县白杨湾滑坡为例,通过现场踏勘、钻探和多种监测手段,对这一典型顺斜向岩质滑坡的变形破坏特征及失稳机制进行了深入研究。此滑坡所处地层为巴东组第二段泥岩,岩体破碎,地下水较丰富。滑坡岩层向右边界倾斜,右边界受断层控制,断层面与岩层面相交切割形成楔形体顺斜向滑移。滑坡体积约320×104 m3,滑动方向与岩层倾向夹角60°。受坡脚开挖和坡体建筑荷载等人类工程活动的影响,滑坡于2019年7月开始出现显著变形,滑坡中部的位移速率达到2～5 mm/d。2019年9月中旬,滑坡前部设置应急抗滑桩后,滑坡变形开始减缓至0～0.5 mm/d。白杨湾滑坡对城集镇开发区金科城造成巨大威胁,建议采取“搬迁避让+工程治理+专业监测”的防治对策。本文的研究成果对指导三峡库区顺斜向岩质滑坡防治和人工开挖诱发滑坡的防治具有重要借鉴意义。  相似文献   

管式渗沟对小型浅层堆积层滑坡的防治效能探讨          下载免费PDF全文

张磊  刘欣童 《甘肃地质》2021,(2):54-58

陇南地区小型浅层基覆界面滑坡频发且数量众多。该类滑坡一般规模小、滑床浅,多为基覆界面滑动,水的作用是滑坡发生的主要诱因,其中又以松散岩类孔隙水的作用最为明显。主要破坏方式以蠕滑为主,多为坡体前缘受侵蚀,从而带动整个坡体变形。管式渗沟通过设置排水层、反滤层与封闭层,采用渗透方式将地下水汇集于沟内,并通过沟底布有泄水孔的管道将影响土体力学结构的水排出坡体外,改善土体力学性质,可以从根本上消除或减弱该类滑坡的主要诱发因素,结合挡土墙等简单防护工程,达到保持坡体稳定的目的。  相似文献   

遥感技术在矿致滑坡成因分析中的应用     

高永志  初禹  杨元江 《地质与资源》2021,30(2):161-167

以湖南省怀化市泸阳镇中型岩质滑坡为例,基于多期次多元高分辨率数据,利用遥感技术研究滑坡的地质灾害各项背景因素,发现怀化滑坡主要是由山体破碎和矿山持续不规范开采共同造成的地质灾害.研究结果表明遥感技术可以在不接触此危险源的情况下直接进行定性和定量的滑坡成因分析.  相似文献   

基于Ward系统聚类方法的黄河上游干流地区滑坡分类及其特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何玉花  张东水  韩用顺  李燕婷  薛彬 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2018,29(1):46-53

黄河上游干流地区滑坡分布广、规模大、体积大、突发性强,是我国乃至世界上非常有代表性的滑坡集中分布区。选取了坡顶、坡脚、岩性、长度、宽度、厚度、面积、体积、坡度、坡向、年均降雨量、日最大降雨量、原始斜坡坡高和原始斜坡坡度,采用Ward聚类分析法对126处滑坡样本进行分析,得到4类滑坡。在此基础上,分别统计分析了每类滑坡的各个指标的最大值、最小值、平均值和标准差,以定性和定量相结合的方法,分析了各类滑坡隐含的特征规律以及滑坡指标之间的相互联系。通过综合分析和对比得出了各个指标影响滑坡发育的显著程度,得出了滑坡的发育特征。并通过因子分析计算了各类滑坡的旋转成份矩阵,确定了影响各类滑坡发育的主次因素。研究结果表明:(1)第一类滑坡由坡顶和坡脚主导,坡顶在2 450~3 020 m,坡脚在1 980~2 905 m;(2)第二类滑坡发育主要受原始斜坡坡度控制,多数处于易发生滑坡的坡度范围30°~40°;(3)第三类滑坡主要受坡向和原始斜坡坡高的影响,多数滑坡位于阳坡,并且原始斜坡坡高在100~500 m;(4)第四类滑坡主要影响因素是坡度和日最大降雨量,坡体的坡度处于易发生滑坡的35°~37.5°范围内,滑坡所在区域的日最大降雨量大。研究结果证明Ward系统聚类对于该地区滑坡类型划分结果是有效的,具有一定的实用价值。  相似文献   

基于GIS的小江断裂中北段滑坡灾害危险性评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张欣 《地质与勘探》2018,54(3):623-633

小江断裂中北段作为金沙江下游重大水电工程库区内最重要的活动断裂构造,其沿线滑坡地质灾害发育,严重制约了当地的经济和社会发展。在详细调查了小江断裂中北段沿线滑坡地质灾害的基础上,选取了坡度、坡向、工程地质岩组、岸坡结构、断裂构造等9个影响因子作为评价指标,对研究区滑坡灾害的发育分布规律进行了分析研究,并采用AHP-CF法建立了滑坡灾害危险性评价模型,利用GIS空间分析功能得出了研究区滑坡地质灾害危险性分区。通过检验曲线验证滑坡地质危险性评价结果可知,AUC值为80%。  相似文献   

焦家崖头北部13号滑坡变形破坏演化机制     

宋登艳  张茂省  慕焕东  王威  王娟娟 《地质通报》2018,37(7):1360-1364

为进一步研究灌溉作用下滑坡变形破坏机理,评价此类滑坡的稳定性,以甘肃黑方台焦家崖头北部13号滑坡为例,通过野外地质调查,分析其变形破坏特征。在此基础上,基于FLAC3D数值模拟方法分析一定水位下其变形破坏特征,进而概化滑坡变形演化规律。研究结果表明,在灌溉的条件下,该滑坡早期滑动主要为潜蚀-滑移型滑坡,滑动后的再次滑动为塑流-拉裂型滑坡,随着坡体滑移变形的持续和裂隙的进一步扩展,表现出"压制拉裂-剪切破坏"的滑动机理。  相似文献   

Geotechnical methods of reinforcement of slopes near railroads     

Vladimir D. Vereskun  Victor A. Yavna 《寒旱区科学》2015,7(5):469-474

In order to generate well-based design decisions on reinforcement of landslide slopes and road embankment slopes, a system of combined geotechnical analysis of geological conditions is suggested which includes topographic and geophysical survey, and laboratory studies of soils using infra-red spectroscopy methods. Calculations of slopes' deflected modes are carried out with taking into account elastic and elasto-plastic behavior of soil, and the presence of supporting man-made constructions. Results of the application of the system suggested may be used as criteria for the classification of landslide slopes along permanent ways according to the degree of danger when used for transportation.  相似文献   

A comparison of the sedimentary records of the 1960 and 2010 great Chilean earthquakes in 17 lakes: Implications for quantitative lacustrine palaeoseismology          下载免费PDF全文

Maarten Van Daele  Jasper Moernaut  Lindsey Doom  Evelien Boes  Karen Fontijn  Katrien Heirman  Willem Vandoorne  Dierk Hebbeln  Mario Pino  Roberto Urrutia  Robert Brümmer  Marc De Batist 《Sedimentology》2015,62(5):1466-1496

Seismically‐induced event deposits embedded in the sedimentary infill of lacustrine basins are highly useful for palaeoseismic reconstructions. Recent, well‐documented, great megathrust earthquakes provide an ideal opportunity to calibrate seismically‐induced event deposits for lakes with different characteristics and located in different settings. This study used 107 short sediment cores to investigate the sedimentary impact of the 1960 M_w 9·5 Valdivia and the 2010 M_w 8·8 Maule earthquakes in 17 lakes in South‐Central Chile (i.e. lakes Negra, Lo Encañado, Aculeo, Vichuquén, Laja, Villarrica, Calafquén, Pullinque, Pellaifa, Panguipulli, Neltume, Riñihue, Ranco, Maihue, Puyehue, Rupanco and Llanquihue). A combination of image analysis, magnetic susceptibility and grain‐size analysis allows identification of five types of seismically‐induced event deposits: (i) mass‐transport deposits; (ii) in situ deformations; (iii) lacustrine turbidites with a composition similar to the hemipelagic background sediments (lacustrine turbidites type 1); (iv) lacustrine turbidites with a composition different from the background sediments (lacustrine turbidites type 2) and (v) megaturbidites. These seismically‐induced event deposits were compared to local seismic intensities of the causative earthquakes, eyewitness reports, post‐earthquake observations, and vegetation and geomorphology of the catchment and the lake. Megaturbidites occur where lake seiches took place. Lacustrine turbidites type 2 can be the result of: (i) local near‐shore mass wasting; (ii) delta collapse; (iii) onshore landslides; (iv) debris flows or mudflows; or (v) fluvial reworking of landslide debris. On the contrary, lacustrine turbidites type 1 are the result of shallow mass wasting on sublacustrine slopes covered by hemipelagic sediments. Due to their more constrained origin, lacustrine turbidites type 1 are the most reliable type of seismically‐induced event deposits in quantitative palaeoseismology, because they are almost exclusively triggered by earthquake shaking. Moreover, they most sensitively record varying seismic shaking intensities. The number of lacustrine turbidites type 1 linearly increases with increasing seismic intensity, starting with no lacustrine turbidites type 1 at intensities between V½ and VI and reaching 100% when intensities are higher than VII½. Combining different types of seismically‐induced event deposits allows the reconstruction of the complete impact of an earthquake.  相似文献   

Geochemical and stable isotopic variability within two rivers rising under the same mountain,but belonging to two distant watersheds     

Stanislav Frančišković-Bilinski  Vlado Cuculić  Halka Bilinski  Hermann Häusler  Philipp Stadler 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2013

Complementary geochemical and stable isotope investigations of the Gorski Kotar karst aquifer system in western Croatia were obtained for the first time, to answer the question whether both studied rivers drain the same aquifer system or not. The two main rivers, the Kupa and the Rje?ina, rise under the same mountain range, but belong to two different watersheds (Black Sea and Adriatic Sea). The karst aquifer of Gorski Kotar is a potentially important source of drinking water for two neighboring countries, Croatia and Slovenia (Central and South Europe), and is strongly influenced by both Mediterranean and continental weather conditions. It is a part of the Dinaric karst, which is “locus typicus” for karst worldwide and one of the most typical karst areas in the world.  相似文献